Engine displacement is a measure of the volume of the cylinder. The volume of the cylinder in the engine is found using the equation below.
Looking for overall engine displacement is as simple as multiplying the single cylinder displacement with the number of cylinders in the engine. The distance between the center of connecting rod and crankshaft center known as the crank pin offset and equal to one-half of the stroke.
Piston face area of a circle with a diameter just equal to the cylinder.
The pressure in the cylinder is derived from a mixture of fuel and air is burned. If the cost of solid fuel and air can be drawn into the cylinder at each cycle, high-pressure cylinder will be made.
Cylinder pressure acting on the piston face, resulting in a downward force is applied to connecting rod, which is attached to the crankshaft.
Moment (Torque)
It can be seen from the diagram below that the combination of cylinder pressure, piston area of the face, and the crank pin offset determines the torque. Increasing any of these three things will increase the torque on the crankshaft.
Bore and Stroke influence on Torque
Torque applied to the crankshaft products come directly from the cylinder pressure and displacement as a whole, and not theoretically affected by childbirth and stroke dimensions, as shown in the example below. Both total 500cc cylinder replaced. The first has a bore and stroke of 83mm x 92mm, so undersquare. The second cylinder has a bore and stroke of 92mm x 75mm, so oversquare. Each cylinder has an arbitrary pressure, P, applied to the piston.
While the torque produced by a different cylinder sizes are the same as the overall displacement is the same, not strength. Oversquare cylinder will have more force applied to the piston of the cylinder undersquare, while the cylinder undersquare have more influence on the crankshaft than oversquare cylinder. Product of force and moment arm distance ends up being the same, that will always hold true when the overall displacement is the same for both cylinders. Most multiple-cylinder piston engine, each at a different stage of the cycle of the four-stroke (4T). If the two machines with different numbers of cylinders have the same overall displacement and given the same cylinder pressure, the average torque is made for every two rotations of the crankshaft will be the same.
For example, on a 2.4L six-cylinder engine, each cylinder 400cc, which is smaller than the 2.4L four-cylinder, in which each cylinder to 600cc. Each individual in the cylinder six-cylinder engine will make 50% less than the torque of each individual four-cylinder, but the torque will be made 50% more often.
The only difference between the above two engines will be the shape of the torque curve when measured continuously during two revolutions of the crankshaft. The four-cylinder will be much higher peak torque when each cylinder fires, but then much lower if there is no cylinder in an important part of the power cycle. In the six-cylinder engine, the peak and valley with an average torque is the same for both machines. Below is a very simple illustration of what may look like a torque measurement.
For example, on a 2.4L six-cylinder engine, each cylinder 400cc, which is smaller than the 2.4L four-cylinder, in which each cylinder to 600cc. Each individual in the cylinder six-cylinder engine will make 50% less than the torque of each individual four-cylinder, but the torque will be made 50% more often.
The only difference between the above two engines will be the shape of the torque curve when measured continuously during two revolutions of the crankshaft. The four-cylinder will be much higher peak torque when each cylinder fires, but then much lower if there is no cylinder in an important part of the power cycle. In the six-cylinder engine, the peak and valley with an average torque is the same for both machines. Below is a very simple illustration of what may look like a torque measurement.
Revs is a colloquial term for the angular velocity, the rate at which something rotates. In reference to the piston engine, it is the speed of the crankshaft angle. The most common unit for angular velocity with respect to the piston engine is revolutions per minute or RPM, which is derived from the term revs. An ability to rev the engine at a high level is determined by various factors. For one, the moving parts must be able to withstand the pressures of high-speed operation, and relatively light to reduce the pressure that they apply to supporting components. For this reason, to build an engine that can rev very high can be expensive because the component needs to be made of exotic materials and exacting tolerances. fast moving parts are also more susceptible to wear. Engines revving at 4000RPM will be constant, in theory, suffer twice put in the same time period as the engine revving at 2000rpm only.
Power output is not affected by a certain amount of torque or revs, but by their products. Engine makes 300 pounds-ft of torque at 4000RPM produce the same amount of power as the engine makes 400 pounds-ft of torque at 3000RPM (228hp).
Power
The force generated by the pressure on the face of the piston along the cylinder crank pin offset distance creates torque. Rotation speed (revs) is the rate of production of torque, which is the definition of power to the rotating shaft (crankshaft).
Intuitively, the more fuel and air are burned in a given period of time (higher revs), the more power will be made. Also, if the mixture of fuel and air can be burned more effectively (resulting high cylinder pressure), or if the losses due to friction in the engine can be reduced, more power will occur. In general, most of the increased engine power through higher revs and increase cylinder pressure.
output
In the motoring press, usually to refer to a specific output, which is the amount of peak power that the engine makes per unit of displacement. The most commonly used unit is the horsepower per liter (hp / L), which is a classic example of the metric and imperial systems of head butting. Because the output value does not take into account the particular machine one another trait of the engine, can not be used to accurately determine fuel engine (mileage), fuel efficiency (specific fuel consumption), weight, reliability, or any other actions of greatness machine . In addition, only certain output power calculated by the peak value of the machine, which ignores the average power production machines throughout the rev range. Property machines only part that can be derived from the values of specific output is the engine's ability to rev. This is because the high-revving engine will make more power than a certain amount of torque, which is directly proportional to the displacement of the engine. A low-revving engine is not always lower in any way compared to the same power to create high-revving engine. In fact, high-revving engines tend to have a narrow band strength, so an engine with high specific output powers may have a narrow band, Furthermore, small engines are often capable of revving higher than large machines, because most of the moving parts are significantly more smaller and therefore lighter. As a result, most of the small engine has a specific output of the engine is higher than most, although the ratio of output power and power-to-weight lower in many cases. Forced induction can significantly improve a particular output, because the cylinder pressure will be much higher, resulting in higher power without large displacement. It is possible to achieve very high specific output by increasing the high pressure of the turbocharger and superchargers.
output
In the motoring press, usually to refer to a specific output, which is the amount of peak power that the engine makes per unit of displacement. The most commonly used unit is the horsepower per liter (hp / L), which is a classic example of the metric and imperial systems of head butting. Because the output value does not take into account the particular machine one another trait of the engine, can not be used to accurately determine fuel engine (mileage), fuel efficiency (specific fuel consumption), weight, reliability, or any other actions of greatness machine . In addition, only certain output power calculated by the peak value of the machine, which ignores the average power production machines throughout the rev range. Property machines only part that can be derived from the values of specific output is the engine's ability to rev. This is because the high-revving engine will make more power than a certain amount of torque, which is directly proportional to the displacement of the engine. A low-revving engine is not always lower in any way compared to the same power to create high-revving engine. In fact, high-revving engines tend to have a narrow band strength, so an engine with high specific output powers may have a narrow band, Furthermore, small engines are often capable of revving higher than large machines, because most of the moving parts are significantly more smaller and therefore lighter. As a result, most of the small engine has a specific output of the engine is higher than most, although the ratio of output power and power-to-weight lower in many cases. Forced induction can significantly improve a particular output, because the cylinder pressure will be much higher, resulting in higher power without large displacement. It is possible to achieve very high specific output by increasing the high pressure of the turbocharger and superchargers.
